Russia
BM-21 122mm Multiple Rocket Launcher
Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide

BM-21
GENERAL DATA
 BM-21
Alternative DesignationsBM-21 GRAD (Hail) MRL
Country of OriginCIS (formerly USSR)
RoleArtillery vehicle
Date Of Introduction1963
Crew5 (8 with 9K51 Complex)
Combat Weight15.1 tons (13.7 mt)
Ground Pressure?
Drive Formula6x6
Length, Overall 24.11 ft (7.35 m)
Width, Overall 7.87 ft (2.40 m)
Height, Overall 10.14 ft (3.09 m)
PERFORMANCE
 BM-21
Engine180 hp (134 kw) ZIL 375 water-cooled, V-8 gasoline engine
Range280 miles (450 km)
Road Speed47 mph (75 km/h)
Cross Country Speed?
Swim SpeedN/A
Fording Depth4.9 ft (1.5 m) unprepared
Emplacement/Displacement Time3/2 minutes
PROTECTION
 BM-21
ArmorNone
Applique ArmorN/A
Explosive Reactive ArmorN/A
Active Protective SystemN/A
NBC Protection SystemN/A
Smoke EquipmentN/A
ARMAMENT
BM-21
Type Mount Typical Ammo Load
122mm 9P132 rocket launcher 4 rows of 10 tubes; manual loading 40.
Frag-HE, smoke, incendiary, chemical, RF jammer, illumination, antitank mines, antipersonnel mines
FIRE CONTROL
 BM-21
Fire Control SystemIndirect Fire: PG-1M Panoramic Telescope (PANTEL)
Main Gun StabilizationN/A
Infrared SearchlightN/A

NOTES

U.S. Army image: BM-21
Recognition features:

VARIANTS

BM-21
1963. Original production model. See data above.

The BM-21 is unquestionably the world's most widely used multiple rocket launcher. The BM-21 is mounted on a Ural 375-D wheeled truck chassis. The launcher with supporting equipment is referred to as the complex 9K51. A special electric generator powers the launcher. The 9V170 firing device is cab mounted, but the rockets can be fired using a remote-firing device that has a 64-meter-long cable.
BM-21V
Russian 12-tube version for airborne divisions.
BM-21B
Russian 36-tube MRL on a 6x6 ZIL-131 chassis.
Grad-P
Russian 1 round rocket launcher.
BM-11
North Korean 30-tube version.
Type 81
Chinese 40-rail-launched version.
RM-70
Czechoslovakian 40-tube version.
Sakr
Egyptian 40-tube version.

BM-21 Photos - Click on image sample to see full size image.

RSLC: BM-21
U.S. Army Photo
850x563, 96K, JPEG